Townley, L.R. (2025b), Forty years of evolution of groundwater flow and solute transport modelling at and near mine sites, In: Valente, T., Mühlbauer, R., Ordóñez, A., Wolkersdorfer, Ch.: International Mine Water Association Conference – Time to Come, 939–944, Proceedings of IMWA 2025, 6-11 July, Braga Portugal & Oviedo Spain, convened by International Mine Water Association, ISBN 978-3-9825293-3-2.

The nature of groundwater flow and solute transport modelling at and near mine sites has evolved because the objectives (the questions) have changed, simulation software has improved, model resolution has increased, graphical interfaces have become very powerful and stakeholders are asking more challenging questions, especially related to prediction uncertainty. Computing performance has increased by a factor of 10⁶ or more (cf. Moore’s Law and its corollaries), but stakeholder expectations have increased dramatically, so the time required to develop, test and apply a simulation model is not significantly less than it was 40 years ago. High-level modellers still need programming skills to extend available simulation software.

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